Influência do estado nutricional materno e concentração de precursores de oligossacarídeos não digeríveis no colostro

Abstract

Breast milk is the recommended food for newborns as it has an ideal nutritional composition for this stage of life. However, the concentration of nutrients varies widely among mothers and is mainly associated with genetic characteristics, dietary practices and maternal nutritional status. Despite the growing interest in the composition of human milk, little is known about the influence of maternal body weight on the constitution of this milk secretion. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of maternal nutritional status on the concentration of oligosaccharide precursors (OLH) in colostrum. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional study was carried out at the Nossa Senhora da Guia Maternity Hospital, involving 80 postpartum women aged between 20 - 40 years, with a single fetus pregnancy. The initial approach was carried out within the first 48 hours after delivery, where information was collected regarding socioeconomic, demographic and perinatal conditions. At the end of this interview, colostrum was obtained, which was immediately frozen at -200C and later stored in an ultrafreezer at -800C. The constituents of colostrum were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and by orthogonal discriminant analysis by partial least squares (OPLS-DA), considering the four different categories of maternal BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), with the use of the SIMCA-P software. ANOVA was used to identify differences in the constituents of breast milk as a function of the mother's nutritional status. The results showed high levels of N-Acetylneuraminic acid in obese mothers when compared to low weight (p = 0.019) and eutrophic (p = 0.015) mothers and with respect to overweight mothers (p = 0.96) there was no significant difference. Regarding fucose, higher concentrations were observed in the milk of low weight mothers compared to eutrophic mothers (p=0.044). Thus, we observed that the primary constituents for the formation of OLH may vary in relation to maternal nutritional status.