Caracterização da variabilidade genética de Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum – Cuvier, 1818) usados na piscicultura no Baixo São Francisco, utilizando a região ATPase do DNA mitocondrial.

Abstract

The Tambaqui,Colossoma macropomum,species native to the Amazon basin belongs to the order Characiformes, Characidae family, subfamily Serrasalminae. In northeastern Brazil, tambaqui was introduced in the 60s by the National Department of Works Against Drought (DNOCS).The Tambaqui is among the most cultivated species of national aquaculture production due to his qualities as an appropriate fish for farming. Are many species of fish in the importance of commercial fishing and aquaculture have been studied with molecular markers, including the tambaquiColossoma macropomumthus the genetic characteristics can affect the quality of larvae and juvenile fish stocks, influencing on the performance. View of this objective was to characterize the genetic variability of tambaquis stocks (Colossomamacropomum) cultivated in CII - AL and Betume, using molecular markers of mitochondrial DNA to verify the genetic variability of the breeding and descendants, seeking to zootechnical quality. Among the genes that make up the mitochondrial DNA have the ATPase gene (six eight subunit), object of this study, which encodes the ATPase enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP. Were collected from fin (adipose and / or caudal) and subsequently DNA extractions thereof, using specific kit. After extraction the DNA was quantified, amplified by PCR and sequenced. The data generated by the sequencer will be analyzed in specific programs to verify the genetic variability and polymorphism of DNA as Dnasp 5.10.1,ARLEQUIN 3.5 and MEGA version 6.The mitochondrial genome (ATPase six and eight) were sequenced to 118 individualsColossoma macropomumin a total of 871 base pairs. Were observed 82 polymorphic sites and 27 haplotypes, the most commom H_2 (Cm2) shared with in 77 individuals from the two sampled populations. The AMOVA showed the greatest variation (98.96%) within populations. Low levels of genetic variability found for the analyzed tambaquis ( H = 0,06005 para Itiúba e H = 0,4233 para Betume) show there are no genetic differences between the two study populations and given information for more effective management.