Avaliação do crescimento de mudas de araticum-do-brejo (annona glabra l.)e graviola (annona muricata l.) submetidas à inundação sob diferentes níveis de salinidade.

Abstract

The soursop (Annonamuricata L.) is a plant of the Annonaceae family native to the Peruvian and Central American valleys, which has a fruit very appreciated for consumption both in natura and agroindustry. The pond apple (Annonaglabra L.) is another plant of the Annonaceae family, which although not appreciated for consumption, has a great environmental importance, and also with great potential to serve as rootstock for saplings, due to its rusticity, good adaptation to poorly drained soil, and ananizing characteristics. The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and morphological parameters of (Annonaglabra L.) and soursop (Annonamuricata L.) under different concentrations of saline water. The work was conducted in a greenhouse at the Center of Agricultural Sciences- CECA/ UFAL, between may 2016 and January 2017. In the experimente 1 The plants were flooded with sea water with different electrical conductivities (tap water, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m-1). The physiological variables were: maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv / Fm), effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II (YII), quantification of green pigments (SPAD index) and leaf hydric potential. Leaf height, leaf number, leaf area index, leaf dry mass, roots and stem, as well as root system volume and root depth were also measured. The plants presented a decline as the electrical conductivity of the solution increased, in the maximum and effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II, SPAD index and leaf hydric potential, but showed good indexes, except for the treatment with more severe stress of 12 dS m-1. There was a significant difference for all the morphological variables studied, according to the increase in the electrical conductivity of the solution, reducing the leaf area, leaf number and dry matter accumulation in the leaves and roots, with the exception of the plant height and dry mass of the stem. In the experimente 2 The experimental arrangement was completely randomized in a 3x2 factorial scheme, three types of seedlings, and two electrical conductivities (6 ds / m and 12 ds / m). It was evaluated the physiological variables PSII maximum quantum efficiency (Fv / Fm), effective quantum efficiency of PSII (YII), quantification of green pigments (SPAD index), absolute growth rate, absolute growth rate of the colon and number of leaves. It is possible to observe that the soursop seedlings, regardless of the level of salinity of the water in which they were flooded, presented the worst means in the physiological performance, presenting a reduction in the quantum efficiency of the PSII and the SPAD index. On the other hand, seedlings grafted on pond apple showed a physiological performance, reaching similar averages to pond apple, independent of the electrical conductivity of the water in which they were flooded. A similar result was presented in the physiological variables, where the foot-free graviola seedlings presented the worst development averages. By means of the obtained results, we can conclude that the grafting of soursop in pond appel, can be an alternative for brejoso and restingas environments, in which they have periods of flood associated with salinity, being able to expand in future the areas of cultivation of the culture.