Evolução urbana e caracterização geoambiental da planície costeira do município de Paripueira - Alagoas.

Abstract

The study area is located in the city of Paripueira, north coast of the state of Alagoas, 27 km far from the center of the capital Maceió, bordered to the north by the river Sapucai and south by the river Sauaçuí. Like all coastal municipality undergoes changes associated with urban growth, mainly responsible for the change in their natural capital and in geographical space. It stand out the process of disorderly occupation and lack of planning as the main anthropogenic processes that fostered the physical and socioeconomic location changes. This study aimed to identify, analyze and map the geo-environmental changes in the city of Paripueira, emphasizing the morphological and sedimentological changes at the beaches, taking into account the changes in the coastline may influence the marine erosion process. Therefore, the historical, socio-economic and geo-environmental data were collected. What was a fishing community in the 1960s, with 0.22 square kilometer area only occupied by single households, has become one of the top five tourist resorts of the state, with a 1.6 square kilometers of its coastal plain occupancy, it has a total area of approximately 4.7 square kilometers. The urbanization, intensified in the 1980s, led to a number of environmental and structural problems in the coastal plain, where touristification and exploitation of space displaced the native residents, fishermen and seafood restaurants to the slopes and coastal plains, leading to a plain coastal occupied by second homes, many of them used as a second residence, accounting for 35.55% of total Paripueira homes in 2010. This vertiginous growth, land use and occupation, and tourism have caused the degradation of environments, modifying "natural capital" of the city. With surveys (2002/2003) we found out that the erosive processes in the Center's beach were softened. The beach Costa Brava (P1), in 2015, is associated with changes in the river Sauaçuí and the Sonho Verde Beach (P5) has different characteristics from the others studied, because it is a reflective beach, having front impact waves and different currents. The calculated amount pointed to a general convergence the accumulation of sediments. Compared to 2015, only the P1 and P5 profiles was perceived a deficit of sediment. After analysis and environmental characterization and data exposed in the matrix impacts, it was found that the process of urban settlement had aggressive characteristics. It was noticed that some of the actions as the removal of sediment and disposal of solid waste had a high intensity of negative impacts. But the creation of Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) Placas showed high intensity of positive impacts. In the final analysis matrix, it demonstrates that most impacts were negative, reaching 138. 97 were neutral and only 50 positive, making it clear that the process of urbanization without planning becomes harmful to the natural environment.