Identificação de compostos orgânicos na química de produtos naturais por técnicas de RMN

Abstract

The structural identification of organic substances has always been a challenge for chemistry, since its emergence as a science. Initially, the techniques employed induced error, because it used destructive techniques to generate derivatives that had nothing to do with the starting material. From the mid-twentieth century there was an evolution of spectroscopy and spectrometry, along with new methods of isolation and purification, increasing the reliability of the results. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a technique widely used to study the structure and dynamic of organic compounds in solution. The NMR technique is not only used in structural determination, but also to track the performance of a synthetic reaction. The present study aimed the identification of organic compounds in the Chemistry of Natural Products by uni- and bi-dimensional NMR. We studied metabolites from Melloa quadrivalvis, a plant of the Bignoniaceae family, known as vine basket, through the structural elucidation of a compound, one flavonoid glycoside. The study was conducted in two fractions isolated from Serjania lethalis St. Hil, and it was possible to identify and quantify by NMR, a mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol glycoside, in one of the fractions. The analysis of the NMR spectra of a compound isolated from the other fraction of Serjania gave evidence for a saponin structure. Additionally, a study was made on secondary metabolites from Curvularia eragrostidis (Henn.) Meyer, a fungus that is responsible for burning the yam leaf and can cause total loss of production.