Incoesão social: estudo sobre loteamentos residenciais cercados em Arapiraca-AL

Abstract

In the face of the problems that are becoming more marked, traffic, violence, degradation of the streets and leisure spaces, the residential constructions are inserted in house clusters, They are growing in the cities. Among the residential developments can be mentioned the allotment and gated Community. The modality studied here is the Gated residential allotment (GRA), law n°. 13.465 of 2017, it is the result of land subdivision being bounded by barriers that regulate the access of non-residents.Within the walls of GRA social dynamics appears and have the potential to generate social cohesion. This is the integration between members of a Community according to the presence and intensity of the componentes, they are part of the concept of social cohesion. In this work five components are considered: sociability, participation, dialogue to resolve conflicts, trust, and satisfaction with the place. To research the components of social cohesion in GRAs it was necessary to choose a city as the object of study, Arapiraca in the state of Alagoas. With the diversity of commercial and service propoerties, Arapiraca maintain old and receives new residents coming from other municipalities for study, work, and recreation. These issues increased the number of people in the city and new living spaces were needed, among them the GRA. The population's perception of increased crime and degradation of public spaces for recreation found in the advertising of the surrounded allotments the place considered "ideal" for living, a peaceful and safe environment. Understanding the city was part of the methodology, the methodological construction covers a process from the theoretical reference and documentary research to the steps taken in the field work: observation and interview. The first two stages help to deepen the theme with the consult and analysis of texts, legislation and maps. Observation brings the researcher and the physical space of GRAs closer together with the notes of observed people, places and events considering components of social cohesion. The interview makes it possible to know the experience of some residents inside the GRAs, questions about each component of social cohesion were asked to the interviewees, the responses indicated that the components show low intensity in the relationships between community members and do not have the potential to generate social cohesion. Social incohesion is perceived among GRA residents in two aspects, the negation of collective life and the movement inward, the lack of interest in living together in the common areas and the interest in turning inward, into private life.