Análise dos fatores que influenciam a distribuição de tempo dos jovens brasileiros entre educação e trabalho.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the allocation of time among Brazilian youth between study and work activities. It is based on microdata from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD-C) from the years 2019 and 2023, covering young individuals aged 14 to 24. To estimate the simultaneous decisions of studying and/or working, a Bivariate Probit model is applied, allowing for the evaluation of the interdependence between these choices. The analysis considers sociodemographic and family variables, such as gender, race/color, age group, parental education, geographic location, and socioeconomic status. The results indicate the existence of rivalry between study and work, highlighting structural inequalities associated with social markers such as gender, race/color, and territory. Female youth, black youth, and those living in rural areas tend to face greater barriers to balancing or accessing both activities, making them more susceptible to exclusion from the educational system and the labor market. It is further emphasized that the social and family context has a strong influence on the decisions of young people.