Estudo morfológico e aspectos etnobotânicos das espécies de Erythrina spp. no estado de Alagoas

Abstract

Morphological analysis combined with ethnobotanical aspects constitutes an essential approach to understanding the diversity, traditional use, and ecological potential of forest species. This type of investigation allows for the integration of scientific knowledge and popular wisdom, contributing to the appreciation of biodiversity and supporting conservation and sustainable management strategies. Thus, this study aimed to morphologically characterize the Erythrina spp. species found in Alagoas and gathers ethnobotanical information from the literature and secondary data. The research was conducted based on information available in the collection of the MAC Herbarium (MAC is the name and acronym of the herbarium) and on the SpeciesLink platform, encompassing collection records, location of occurrence, and botanical material identified as Erythrina spp. Additionally, botanical material was collected in the municipality of Mar Vermelho-AL, with the aim of expanding the samples already deposited in the herbarium. Collections were made with simulated and/or fruiting specimens, recording the geographic regions of each individual. Based on this data, a distribution map of Erythrina species in Alagoas was created, along with morphological descriptions and ethnobotanical characterization. The results showed the occurrence of three "mulungus" species in Alagoas: Erythrina velutina, Erythrina verna, and Erythrina fusca, distributed among the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga vegetation formations. Among them, Erythrina velutina stood out for its wide distribution and high adaptability, demonstrating potential for use in forest restoration programs and the valorization of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that actions external to the conservation and sustainable use of "mulungus" species (Erythrina spp.) be planned in the state of Alagoas. The wide distribution of Erythrina velutina and its high adaptability indicate potential for use in ecological restoration programs, especially in degraded areas of the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. Furthermore, it is suggested that participatory ethnobotanical studies be strengthened, involving local and traditional communities, in order to value popular knowledge about the medicinal and ecological use of these species. Such actions will support environmental education strategies, sustainable forest management, and the expansion of germplasm banks, contributing to the preservation of genetic diversity and the recognition of the sociocultural importance of "mulungus" in the Alagoas context.