Análise de manifestações patológicas na construção civil pelo método de Ishikawa: estudo de caso em uma edificação histórica

Abstract

Among the various diagnostic techniques for pathological manifestations in civil construction, this study aims to analyze the pathological manifestations in a historical building using the Ishikawa method, an effective tool for identifying the causes of construction problems. It is worth noting that the building under study is not listed as a historical heritage by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN); however, it holds several significant historical records linked to its social value for the municipality of Maceió. The work is divided into two stages: a literature review and a case study of a pathological manifestation in a historical building belonging to the Court of Justice of the State of Alagoas (TJAL). In this building, it was possible to observe several pathological manifestations that effectively compromise both the safety and the structural integrity of the structure. Through the Ishikawa Method, or cause-andeffect diagram, it was possible to map and categorize the contributing factors to the emergence of these pathological manifestations and determine the main causes of the problem, thus demonstrating the importance of a detailed diagnosis for correctly identifying the causes that led to the pathologies. Furthermore, the study highlights the relevance of restoring historical buildings, emphasizing that the preservation of these structures is of utmost importance for both cultural memory and urban sustainability. The analysis also underscores the crucial role of the standards set by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) and the guidelines of the Brazilian Institute of Engineering Evaluations and Expertise (IBAPE) in building assessments, as these normative and technical instruments ensure the quality and reliability of the expert reports, guiding maintenance and rehabilitation interventions. A distinctive aspect of this study was the use of AutoCAD for creating the damage map of the building, which was employed to map the pathological manifestations and allowed for the creation of detailed graphical representations of the affected areas. This digital approach not only facilitates the visualization and analysis of structural conditions, but also promotes more effective communication among the professionals involved, in addition to serving as a technical documentation that tracks the evolution of the pathologies over time. In this way, the work contributes to the consolidation of practices that integrate diagnostic methods with the strict application of technical standards, promoting the preservation and safety of historical constructions.