Sentido da vida das pessoas que realizam hemodiálise: uma abordagem em Viktor Frankl

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of life for individuals on hemodialysis, based on Viktor Frankl's existential phenomenology. This is a qualitative research, with a comprehensive approach, carried out with 10 chronic kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis for more than six months, treated at a nephrology clinic in Maceió, Alagoas. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, meeting the ethical guidelines of Resolutions No. 466/12 and No. 510/16 of the National Health Council. Data collection was carried out between September 2024 and November 2024, through phenomenological interviews. The statements were transcribed and analyzed according to the empirical-comprehensive model, based on the assumptions of Viktor Frankl's existential analysis. The analysis of the narratives allowed the emergence of three ontological categories: Autonomy and resilience in coping with chronic kidney disease – highlighting the participants’ efforts to maintain emotional balance and seek meaning in the hemodialysis routine. Overcoming and rebuilding the meaning of life during suffering – revealing how people give new meaning to suffering, often anchored in relational values, such as love for family and faith. Search for purpose in adversity – highlighting the importance of values experienced in daily life as motivating factors. It was concluded that the experiences of individuals on hemodialysis carry deep meanings linked to the restrictions imposed by the disease and the recovery process. Even in the face of considerable challenges, participants find a purpose in life by setting new goals, often linked to rebuilding their daily lives, spiritual connection and strengthening family ties. These findings help improve nursing care, emphasizing the relevance of a strategy focused on the individual’s integrality.