Avaliação de impactos ambientais no parque municipal de Maceió/AL

Abstract

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the main instruments of the National Environmental Policy (PNMA), established by Law No. 6,938/1981, and consists of a series of steps aimed at identifying, analyzing, and preventing the impacts resulting from potentially degrading activities. In addition, CONAMA Resolution No. 001/1986 establishes guidelines for the preparation of the Environmental Impact Study (EIS) and the Environmental Impact Report (EIR), making this process mandatory for areas with significant potential for environmental impact. This monograph proposes an analysis applied to the Maceió Municipal Park, considering its relevance as an urban green area within the Atlantic Forest biome. The study seeks to assess the environmental impacts present in its direct and indirect areas of influence, analyzing the physical, biotic, and socioeconomic components, with the aim of identifying positive environmental aspects and negative impacts, proposing mitigation and compensatory measures, and supporting strategies for conservation and sustainable management associated with the use and conservation of urban space. The methodology employed included a survey of environmental degradation in areas of direct and indirect influence, identifying human activities that are impacting the natural resources of the Municipal Park, located in the Riacho do Silva watershed; an analysis of the existing infrastructure; and the application of the Environmental Impact Assessment Matrix using a qualitative-quantitative approach. This method aims to assess environmental impacts in terms of their main attributes and interference with the physical, biotic, and socioeconomic environments. The results presented identify the environmental impacts occurring in the Maceió Municipal Park and recommend mitigation and compensatory measures. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) proves to be an indispensable tool for guiding effective public policies, preventing future degradation, and ensuring that the city’s growth occurs in harmony with nature.