Anatomia aplicada ao cateterismo vesical de demora: uso de cadáveres humanos como estratégia didático-pedagógica na formação em enfermagem

Abstract

Nursing education requires the development of technical, scientific, and ethical competencies to ensure the safe performance of invasive procedures. In this context, the use of teaching strategies that integrate theory and practice is essential to promote the acquisition of technical skills, the development of clinical reasoning, and patient safety. The use of human cadavers represents an important educational resource because it provides direct contact with real anatomical structures and conditions that closely resemble professional practice. This study aimed to describe the procedure of indwelling urinary catheterization in human cadaveric specimens as a teaching-learning strategy for invasive procedure training in undergraduate nursing education. This is a descriptive and methodological study conducted at the Federal University of Alagoas. The methodological approach consisted of performing the procedure on human cadaveric specimens, systematically documenting each technical step through photographic records, developing an illustrated atlas, and analyzing the anatomical structures involved. The findings demonstrated that the use of cadavers provides greater anatomical realism, enhances the understanding of the spatial relationships among urinary tract structures, enables the identification of anatomical variations, and contributes to the improvement of students' technical skills. The procedural steps were described and illustrated in detail in accordance with scientific principles and biosafety standards. Furthermore, this teaching strategy was found to support the development of clinical reasoning and decision-making during the execution of the procedure while bringing the educational process closer to real clinical practice. The study demonstrated that the use of human cadavers is an important complementary educational tool to traditional teaching methods, contributing to the development of technical skills, procedural safety, clinical reasoning, and decision-making among nursing students.