Eventos supostamente atribuíveis à vacinação ou imunização (ESAVI) contra o SARS-CoV-2 em pessoas com diabetes: scoping review

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic represented one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century, and the development of COVID-19 vaccines occurred at an unprecedented speed. Although these immunobiological products are considered safe, they are not free from adverse events. The effects of vaccination remain uncertain in patients with pre-existing chronic diseases, such as individuals with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and clarify the main Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) against SARS-CoV-2 in the diabetic population. This study is a scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Searches were independently performed by two researchers from April to May 2026 in indexed databases and gray literature sources. Controlled descriptors and free terms were used, with the final search strategy being: (“Diabetes Mellitus”) AND (“Adverse Events” OR “Adverse Reactions” OR “Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions” OR “Safety”) AND (“COVID-19 Vaccines” OR “SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines” OR “COVID-19 Vaccination”). Subsequently, eligibility criteria were applied to select the studies. A total of 22 articles were included, indicating that the main AEFIs were mild and self-limiting, such as pain at the injection site, fever, fatigue, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia. Severe AEFIs occurred at a low frequency, mainly affecting the neurological and endocrine systems. Furthermore, the most commonly used vaccine platforms were mRNA and non-replicating viral vector vaccines. The findings indicate that COVID-19 vaccines have a favorable safety profile, demonstrating that vaccine-related AEFIs are predominantly mild and self-limiting among individuals with diabetes mellitus.