Análise dos impactos da geração distribuída fotovoltaica no sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica do estado de Alagoas

Abstract

Distributed Generation from photovoltaic sources has experienced rapid growth in Brazil, driven by decreasing equipment costs, incentive policies, and increasing demand for renewable energy. This study analyzed the impact of large-scale adoption of photovoltaic DG on the electric distribution system in the state of Alagoas. The research was conducted through a literature review using academic sources and tech-nical documents from the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency, complemented by a case study that examined grid access reports issued by the local utility company. The study explored the most commonly used photovoltaic technologies, such as monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film panels, as well as the different topolo- gies and applications of inverters used for energy conversion. The findings revealed that, although DG offers environmental and economic benefits, its largescale integration has caused technical disturbances in the power grid, including voltage variations, power factor changes, harmonic distortions, and reverse power flow. Based on the data obtained, strategies were proposed to mitigate these impacts, including upgrading protection systems, making regulatory adjustments, and investing in monitoring and control technologies. The study concludes that ensuring the efficiency and safety of the distribution network requires adequate technical planning supported by public policies that promote the sustainable integration of DG. This research provides practical and theoretical contributions to enhance power grid operation in the context of expanding photovoltaic distributed generation.