Desenvolvimento de um sistema de hidroponia vertical

Abstract

Given the need to increase food production and utilize productive spaces, both in urban areas and near major consumer centers in rural areas, production strategies have been developed. Among the most promising alternatives is the cultivation of vegetables through hydroponics, as it can be adapted to small physical spaces and various lighting conditions, and does not require suitable soil, which is often not available in urban areas. Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants in nutrient solutions containing all the necessary macro and micronutrients for their healthy development. The systems can be horizontal or vertical, depending on the area and the horticulturist's objectives. Vertical tower systems save space and can contain dozens of plants in a single square meter. This work aimed to develop a prototype of an vertical hydroponic system in a column, designed for better spatial utilization, constructed with inexpensive and readily available materials from the market, and featuring easy assembly. This work provides a detailed description of the materials and methodology, accompanied by step-by-step instructions illustrated with photographs and drawings for construction, demonstrating the simplicity of building the system. To verify the effectiveness of the experimental vertical hydroponic system, curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) was successfully cultivated. The plants were nourished with macro and micronutrients from the most commonly used commercial fertilisers in hydroponic production, whose composition and proportions are also described in this work.