Diagnóstico quantitativo e qualitativo da arborização urbana da cidade de Penedo, AL

Abstract

Urban afforestation is defined as a set of tree species located in city spaces that can be public or private, offering various benefits to society, such as: reducing pollution, thermal comfort, increasing biodiversity, beautifying cities and improving quality of life. However, some problems can be highlighted when errors occur in the afforestation project, such as conflicts with the environment (damage to sidewalks and electrical grids) and low species diversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of urban afforestation in the municipality of Penedo, Alagoas, in addition to reporting the phytosanitary status of individuals and discussing possible conflicts between trees and the environment. 31 points were sampled, located in squares, avenues, streets and flowerbeds, obtaining a total of 463 individuals, divided into 26 species and 12 families, the most frequent families being Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae and Bignoniaceae. Regarding the origin of the species, 81.2% are exotic species and only 18.8% are native plants. It was possible to identify that exotic species contributed to the great existence of sidewalk and electrical network conflicts in the environment, with a greater frequency of Azadirachta indica (Indian neem), Terminalia catappa (beach almond), and Ficus benjamina (ficus), These conflicts may also be related to a lack of planning, lack of information and culture in the local community. In the present work, individuals of native species with high potential for urban afforestation were also observed, such as Handroanthus impetiginosus (ipê-roxo), Handroanthus serratifolius (ipê-amarelo), Tabebuia aurea (craibeira), Licania tomentosa (oitizeiro), Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira), Inga sp. (ingá) and Paubrasilia echinata (Brazilwood). Studies of floristic diagnoses of urban afforestation are extremely important to establish and guide planting standards with the implementation of native species, to conserve biodiversity and reduce the existence of conflicts with the environment.