Variáveis geoambientais da área de proteção ambiental do Catolé e Fernão Velho - Alagoas - Brasil

Abstract

This technical report addresses the geoenvironmental variables of the Catolé and Fernão Velho Environmental Protection Area (APA), located in the state of Alagoas, highlighting its importance for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of natural resources. The main objective of the investigation was to assess its basic, physical-natural, and socioeconomic geoenvironmental variables using geotechnologies such as QGIS software, based on data provided by the Alagoas Institute of the Environment (IMA-AL). Specifically, bibliographic reviews on the area were conducted, environmental and socioeconomic aspects were characterized, and geospatial data were quantified. The APA Catolé and Fernão Velho, covering an area of 37.11 km², plays a strategic role in protecting remnants of ombrophilous forest and associated ecosystems, which are essential for the water supply of Maceió and the preservation of biodiversity. Evaluations of the geoenvironmental variables revealed the complexity of the territory, composed of diverse formations. However, anthropogenic pressures, such as unregulated urbanization, deforestation, and agricultural expansion, have compromised its ecological integrity. The results showed that 36.44% of the APA Catolé and Fernão Velho is anthropized, predominantly consisting of urban areas and pastures, exposing vulnerabilities such as soil degradation and habitat loss. Urbanization driven by real estate speculation disregards environmental zoning, exacerbating negative impacts. Despite limitations, such as the lack of updated data, the study reinforces the importance of integrated management with actions such as the recovery of degraded areas and the implementation of ecological corridors. The research underscores the APA Catolé and Fernão Velho as a vital natural heritage, emphasizing the need for comprehensive public policies to ensure its conservation and sustainability.