A representação da educação do campo na obra literária "São Bernardo" de Graciliano Ramos

Abstract

This article aims to contribute to the representation of Rural Education, in conjunction with the literary work São Bernardo, by Graciliano Ramos. The text begins with the account of the emergence of the expression “rural education” and discusses the laws pertinent to this important type of education, explaining who the rural population is and their socioeconomic profile, demonstrating that there is great inequality between rural and urban environments. The article contains preliminary theoretical and conceptual reflections on rural education, using bibliographic research as its methodology, with the proposal of studying printed texts, in which the necessary information is sought to advance the understanding of rural education. This type of education aims to include peasants, quilombolas, indigenous people and people linked to work in rural areas as part of the rural population. Rural education is also a social practice based on the struggle of rural workers; therefore, the pedagogical and methodological aspects must consider the profile of these people. However, the reality is that, within the scope of public policies for rural education, there are numerous problems that urgently need to be addressed and resolved. In the book São Bernardo, the author narrates the protagonist Paulo Honório's disregard for formal education, which he sees as useless, considering the existence of a school on his farm unnecessary. However, this school is built with the aim of producing individuals capable of obtaining voter registration. Although the idea of school, at the time the novel was written and published, went through some setbacks, it is clear that there is a conflict of conceptions about the role of school in society. Although the book was written in the mid-1930s, it describes how education in rural areas was considered unnecessary. However, when it comes to political bargaining, education becomes necessary.