Bambusa vulgaris e Eucalyptus sp. em fragmento de Mata Atlântica: impactos na biodiversidade de invertebrados e qualidade do solo

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest stands out for its wide biodiversity of fauna and flora, however it has been impacted by the introduction of exotic species such as bamboo and eucalyptus, easily found in Urban Parks, which can alter the quality of the soil and litter, and consequently the invertebrate biota. The objective was to evaluate the impacts of the introduction of exotic species Bambusa vulgaris and Eucalyptus sp. have affected the biodiversity of invertebrates and soil quality in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest. The research was carried out in Parque do Horto de Maceió, in three areas: Atlantic Forest, Eucalyptus and Bamboo, in 10 sampled points per environment, in the months: May/2022, May and October/2023. To quantify the rate and intensity of damage caused by invertebrate herbivores in the species Paubrasilia echinata (Atlantic Forest), Eucalyptus sp. and B. vulgaris leaves were randomly collected from 10 matrices. Provid traps were used to survey aerial and soil macrofauna. For mesofauna, soil+litter samples were collected with metal rings (diameter=4.8 cm; height=5 cm) at a depth of 0-5 cm and the Berlese-Tullgren extractor method was used. To quantify the accumulation of litter, an iron frame (0.5x0.5 m) was used and the material was sorted, dried in an oven, weighed and the invertebrates were sampled. Soil samples were collected to determine physical and chemical parameters. A chemical analysis of the plant material and litter was carried out (Lignin, Cellulose and Hemicellulose, C, N, P, K. Mg and C:N ratio) and the edaphoclimatic factors (Soil Water Content-SWC, Soil Temperature-ST and Rainfall-R). For invertebrates, abundance, richness, Shannon diversity (H) and Pielou uniformity (e) were quantified. All data were subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicate that invertebrate herbivores caused greater damage to P. echinata leaves, as it is more palatable due to the concentration of N and lower C:N ratio, being more consumed by suckers; The aerial and litter macrofauna and the mesofauna were impacted by the presence of exotic plant species, with homogeneous abundance, richness, diversity and uniformity between areas, due to the adaptation of invertebrates to the environments, favored by the greater physical parameters of the soil (CC and AD) and chemicals (MOT, P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, SB and V), resulting in a favorable location for their stablishment; The Bray-Curtis analysis showed high similarity between the areas for the abundance of soil, aerial and litter macrofauna; The greater accumulation of litter in the Forest area is due to the heterogeneity of plant species and lower levels of N, P, K, high C:N ratio and lignin concentration, less attractive to decomposer organisms, resulting in accumulation in the soil; R influenced herbivory and macrofauna (aerial and soil); SWC favored aerial macrofauna, litter invertebrates and mesofauna. And ST influenced litter accumulation; According to the Shepard Diagram, the textural class sand predominated in the areas, with intercalations of clay+silt and the presence of organic matter. It was ound in the morphoscopic analysis that the material was recently introduced into the sedimentary cycle.