Nível de conhecimento sobre anticoncepção entre adolescentes na perspectiva da prevenção de gravidez precoce: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Teenage pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide. The need for adolescents to have knowledge about contraceptive methods is mainly related to their inconsistent use. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the level of knowledge about contraception among adolescents from the perspective of preventing early pregnancy based on published scientific literature. METHODOLOGY: This is an Integrative Review (IR) of the literature. The research question was developed based on the PICO strategy, in which P (population) corresponds to adolescents, I (intervention) level of knowledge, C (control) does not apply and O (results) prevention of early pregnancy. From this, the guiding question was determined: “What is the state/level of knowledge about contraception among adolescents regarding contraception to prevent teenage pregnancy?” The searches took place in June 2024 in the scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science and on the VHL – Bireme portal. RESULTS: 2,121 studies were identified at the end of the searches in the selected databases; remaining 30 articles in the final sample. As for the year of publication, the largest number was in 2019 (5), 2020 (5) and 2021 (5). Regarding languages, the majority of publications were made in Portuguese (17). Regarding magazines, Reproductive Health and Cogitare Enfermagem were the ones that appeared most, with 3 articles each. Regarding the objectives of the research analyzed, 22 aimed to investigate adolescents' knowledge about the topic addressed. Barrier methods, the contraceptive pill, the morning-after pill, injectables, the IUD, coitus interruptus and the chart were the methods known and cited by the study public. Regarding the conclusions, insufficient knowledge about contraceptive methods was what was most evident (22). More than half of the articles (16) did not mention limitations. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Preventing teenage pregnancy is one of the UN's goals, being a factor responsible for depriving many young women of their youth, worsening social inequality rates around the world. Therefore, there is a need for more studies involving the education of the adolescent population related to contraceptive methods and teenage pregnancy.