Casca e polpa de passiflora ssp como terapia alternativa nos componentes da síndrome metabólica: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been characterized by a set of cardiometabolic disorders, which encompasses physiological, biochemical, clinical and metabolic changes directly related to heredity and lifestyle. The diagnosis of MS includes the presence of some components, namely: insulin resistance (IR), atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). It is worth noting that there is no specific treatment for MS, however, its therapy mainly aims to mitigate and prevent the risk of major complications, through behavioral strategies (lifestyle and eating habits) associated or not with the use of pharmacological medications. Studies have shown that diets rich in fresh foods, such as the DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) and Mediterranean diets, improve the lipidemic profile, blood glucose, blood pressure levels and oxidative stress, providing health benefits. In view of these discoveries, scholars have focused on the study of natural products, with an emphasis on the full use of these products, in order to encourage environmental sustainability, as well as their potential biological effects on human health. The genus Passiflora ssp. stands out for its diversity, highlighted by its therapeutic properties, due to its bioactive compounds. Given this, the objective of the present study was to identify and analyze the use of solid waste from Passiflora ssp. in the attenuation of MS components. This is a systematic review, which considered the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) instrument for its preparation. For the search strategy, the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) model was used, based on pre-established eligibility criteria. A broad search was carried out in three electronic databases (PubMed Central, Scopus and Web of Science™), for articles published until April 2023. No search filters were used. Two researchers selected the articles independently, in case of conflict, a third reviewer was requested. To assess the quality of the articles, the Cochran Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool was used. The review was registered in the PROSPERO system (ID 488150). 4,844 eligible articles were identified, of which 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, unanimously classified as low risk of bias. 75% analyzed the effects of P. edulis and 25% of P. setacea. Of the studies included, 50% (4/8) investigated the use of Passiflora bark, showing significant effects such as: anti-glycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti hypertensive effects. Likewise, 50% (4/8) evaluated passion fruit pulp, identifying statistical differences in glycemic, insulinemic and lipidemic parameters, in addition to attenuating serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). No influence of the intervention with Passiflora on body composition was observed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of solid waste from Passiflora ssp. It was safe for adults, attenuating inflammation, glucose, insulin, dyslipidemic and blood pressure parameters, and can therefore be used as an alternative therapy for metabolic syndrome.