Fontes de energia numa perspectiva interdisciplinar baseado nas competências e habilidades do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio - ENEM

Abstract

Discussions on energy sources has intensified due to current environmental issues. Therefore, it is necessary to take this matter to students of basic education, within the required context of the National Secondary Education Examination (ENEM) as well as its capabilities and skills. This material aims at discussing the energy sources as a simple and accessible language to high school students promoting interdisciplinarity among physics, chemistry, history and geography, and promoting scientific initiation through research on energy sources. This work was developed as of the basic concept of energy, which is the ability to produce work, it can be transformed, transmitted and absorbed. The energy was and still is responsible for the development of ancient, modern and contemporary civilizations. The first industrial revolution was marked by large-scale use of coal, the second industrial revolution was marked by the discovery of oil and the transformation of energy into electricity. Since then, with industrial development, societies have intensified the consumption of energy sources and products from its use. Oil took over the position of main energy source, but with the crisis in 1973, it was necessary to rethink over the dependence on this source, seeking alternative sources that would minimize this dependency. Renewable sources began to gain more focus and to be studied and developed from that crisis on. In this context, Brazil went ahead with the creation of PROÁLCOOL (proalcohol), with the production of ethanol out of sugar cane as a fuel capable of reducing dependence on fossil fuels as well as being a clean, renewable fuel. This work addresses different sources of energy, dividing them into two groups: Nonrenewable and renewable, focusing the energy from the residual biomass, within na interdisciplinary context, highlighting historical, geographical, physical and chemical aspects of the various energy sources discussed in this study.