Caracterização epidemiológica, nutricional e de vulnerabilidade de idosos de comunidades remanescentes de quilombos do estado de Alagoas.

Abstract

This dissertation investigated the epidemiological, nutritional, and vulnerability conditions of older adults living in quilombola communities in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through interviews conducted during home visits, using a structured questionnaire. The epidemiological and nutritional assessment was based on sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle data. The Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity (EBIA) was used to assess food and nutritional security. The assessment of vulnerability was performed using the Elderly Vulnerability Protocol (VES-13). The results (n=891) revealed that the most commonly self-reported diseases by quilombola older adults were arterial hypertension and diabetes. Furthermore, the presence of multimorbidity was observed in 38% of the participants. Lack of regular physical activity, fear of falling, and difficulty in some daily tasks were also noted. It was also observed that 28.7% were overweight (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) and the prevalence of food insecurity was 52%. Vulnerability was observed in 59% of the individuals. These results suggest that older adults in quilombos face specific challenges regarding health and well-being. Considering socioeconomic inequalities and limited access to health services, quilombola older adults are in a disadvantaged position compared to the general older adult population in Brazil. To address these disparities and improve the quality of life of these individuals, it is crucial to implement public policies and specific health programs to meet the needs of this vulnerable population. Understanding the epidemiological, nutritional, and vulnerability landscape of older individuals belonging to quilombola communities provides essential insights for the formulation of more appropriate health policies for this population, aiming to enhance the quality of life and well-being of these individuals.