A política nacional de assistência social no atendimento de imigrantes e refugiados

Abstract

The contemporary intensification of migratory flows causes thousands of people of different nationalities to leave their countries of origin in search of better living conditions. In the last decade the number of immigrants and refugees coming to Brazil has grown exponentially, this reality has led to the outlining of new agendas for Brazilian social policy, especially with regard to guaranteeing the human rights of these groups. Therefore, this research sought to identify the living conditions of the immigrant and refugee population in Brazil, recognizing how access to human rights for these groups is mediated through the Unified Social Assistance System. For this analysis, we sought to recognize the expressions of the Social Question that challenge immigrants and refugees in Brazil, placing them under the protection of social assistance policies, programs and services linked to the Social Assistance Policy. In methodological terms, the present study presents itself as a qualitative research, at an exploratory level and with a documentary and bibliographical typology, which has as study sources works and documents that discuss the issue of migration in Brazil and the world, as well as on guaranteeing human rights to immigrants and refugees. The data obtained in studies carried out by the United Nations (UN) and through the annual reports of the International Migration Observatory (OBMigra) stand out as research sources. When it comes to the results achieved with the present study, it was possible to identify some of the socioeconomic and political aspects that influenced the endorsement of migratory flows. Furthermore, the exhibition of social indicators demonstrated the living conditions of the immigrant and refugee population and the expressions of the social issue that challenge them, such as xenophobia, racism, unemployment, lack of access to housing and socioeconomic vulnerability. It is in the face of this controversial scenario that access to Social Assistance Policy becomes essential, however, great challenges prevail due to the insufficiency of the State's actions towards immigrants and refugees. Therefore, the present study is structured around three chapters, which will seek to assess the socio-historical context of the intensification of contemporary migratory flows; immigration and refuge based on data collection from the last decade about the living conditions of this population in Brazilian territory; and, the limits and potentialities of the National Social Assistance Policy with regard to the promotion of social assistance programs and services to assist the immigrant and refugee population in the Brazilian context.