Vivências de mães de crianças com autismo e práticas inclusivas

Abstract

Autism has a great impact on the life of the child and the family, by compromising many areas and, consequently, raising everyone's stress levels. The constant role of care that mothers play usually leaves them very vulnerable, causing physical and emotional exhaustion due to the large investment in caring for their children. Autism is the subject of this course conclusion work, elaborated with a methodology that is based on bibliographical and qualitative research, and a literature review related to the theme. We reviewed research related to autism and the family. The survey was carried out in the database Catalog of Theses and Dissertations (CAPES) with delimitation from 2013 to 2022. The search resulted in 356 works. After selection and reading, those that did not fit the theme were discarded. Of the 356, only twenty were included, read and classified in the respective analytical categories: experiences, experiences, reports of mothers of children with autism (Mother/father relationship with the child with autism); Inclusion Practices and Family-School Relationship, Teacher-Student with Autism. The general objective of the study is to know the main challenges faced daily by mothers with children in the infant age group with autism and the process of integration in educational environments through inclusive practices, and specific objectives, to deepen knowledge in relation to the subject; present the historical aspects of autism; and to verify the changes in the post-diagnosis family routine. We raised important historical notes about the origin of the disorder and about the principle of Special and Inclusive Education, emphasizing the challenges that made it impossible for children with special educational needs to access pedagogical and social environments. We refer to legislation Berenice Piana n. º 12.764, of December 27, 2012, which has the aegis of an Inclusive Education. As a result, we conclude that research on this topic has been scarce, as through the literature review we found only three studies focusing on the experiences of mothers of children with autism. The lack of research in this area means that reports and narratives with this proportion of importance become inaccessible to other parents who are going through the diagnostic process. We reaffirm the importance of further research in this area (from the perspective of atypical mothers' experiences and reports), related to inclusion, in order to broaden the understanding of the enigmatic field of autism. The detailed, state-of-the-art reports demonstrate how difficult the daily work of parents of children with autism is, due to the characteristics of this condition, which requires a lot of dedication from them to care for the child.