Contribuições teórico-metodológicas da matriz crítica do Serviço Social frente aos impactos da contrarreforma e a desumanização do acesso à política de previdência no Brasil: avanços e desafios

Abstract

This study proposes a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of social security in Brazil, highlighting the transformations that have occurred over the decades and examining the theoretical-methodological contributions of the critical matrix of Social Work to this policy. Initially, we emphasize the emergence of social security as a response to the need for protection against social risks. In Brazil, the origins of social security date back many decades before the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, involving private contribution systems and a gradual increase in state intervention. However, the 1988 Constitution marked a significant change, expanding the scope and rights of social security in the country, conceiving the social security system as a collective, compulsory, and contributory social insurance system aimed at providing financial compensation to individuals or dependents who lose their capacity to work. However, after the promulgation of the Constitution, a series of seven social security reforms began in Brazil, with the most recent being the counter-reform initiated by Constitutional Amendment 103 of 2019, which introduced various negative aspects under the claim that such changes could address the challenges of demographic aging and fiscal crisis. In this regard, the methodology adopted involves qualitative and quantitative approaches, including bibliographical and descriptive research, from the perspective of dialectical historical materialism based on Marx. This critical lens is used to examine the social security system under the influence of economic forces. The counter-reforms have brought new configurations to the system, defining fundamental aspects of Brazilian social security over the years. As a result of this work, when we sketch an overview of the relationship between Social Work and social security policy, it becomes evident that the interaction has been complex but essential over the decades. In summary, social security reforms have reconfigured social security in Brazil, leading to negative social and economic impacts. Therefore, it is crucial to highlight that, despite facing numerous challenges in the neoliberal landscape, the relationship between Social Work and Social Security remains committed to the establishment of a just and egalitarian society.