Ensino de tópicos de eletromagnetismo no ensino médio: do ímã ao motor elétrico

Abstract

Education in Brazil has been somewhat precarious over the last few years. A reflection of this is the low performance of students in general education assessments, especially in the exact sciences. The latest editions of the Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) and the International Student Assessment Program (PISA), for example, showed a lagged fundamental and secondary education in which students who complete it do not have adequate proficiency. Inadequate structures, lack of teachers, purely traditional methodologies and teaching for testing are some of the problems that permeate the teaching of exact sciences and, in particular, the teaching of Physics. In the midst of these problems, the teacher needs to reflect on how he can contribute to improving this situation. For this purpose, one of the tools that can be used by the teacher is the didactic sequence, which consists of activities organized in order to facilitate the teaching of certain content. Thus, in this work we propose a didactic sequence in which topics of electromagnetism are approached from experiments with low-cost materials. The subjects addressed in this sequence range from the interaction between natural magnets to the design of a simple electric motor, passing through the concepts of magnetic field generated by electric current, Lorentz force on a current wire. In addition, it suggests a way to develop some experiments, among which are the electromagnet, the compass and the Oersted experiment.