O processo de empréstimos lingüísticos na libras: modalidades e categorização

Abstract

This work aims to describe the different modalities of linguistic borrowings in Libras, with emphasis on lexical borrowings, that is, lexical units that occur between spoken language, written language, signed language and cultural gestures in contact from the study of modalities of Meier (2004), Adam (2012), Quinto-Pozos and Adam (2015; 2020) and Nascimento and Daroque (2019); and linguistic borrowings from Brentari and Padden (2001), Carvalho (2009), Faria-Nascimento (2009), Machado (2016), Pêgo (2021) and Segala (2021). In order to transform a classification of modalities of linguistic borrowings from Libras, it was necessary to analyze data extracted from the Corpus de Libras dos Surdos de Referência, seeking to understand the influence of different modalities of these loans on Libras. In Brazil, with regard to studies on linguistic loans in Libras, research is still scarce. In Machado (2016), I investigated, in the Libras lexicon, the entries of lexical units of sign languages from foreign sign languages of the same modality. In this study, I also seek to observe the influence of written language, spoken language and gestures, having as theoretical basis studies about Linguistic Contacts. As a research methodology, a comparison was made of the signs found in the videos of the Corpus de Libras dos Surdos de Referência with the signs that circulate in society through printed and online dictionaries of other languages, in addition to signs conveyed in academic texts related to the study of linguistic borrowing, and then the analysis of the data concerning the lexical units of the investigated modalities: spoken language, written language, signed language and cultural gestures. The methodology of this study followed a process of corpus analysis/transcription with the use of ELAN software in order to identify characteristics in the process of formation/incorporation of lexical items, seeking to understand the various modalities of linguistic borrowing in Libras. In summary, the results show that the process of linguistic borrowing in Libras stems from several modalities and occurs in a plural way, i.e., different factors contribute to the entry of new lexical items in the language. This is a field of research still incipient that needs more research. The contact between modalities provides the loans, which were categorized and described in the thesis as a rich and multimodal linguistic phenomenon.