Os elementos verbais e não verbais na construção de objetos de discurso no debate político televisivo

Abstract

This work argues that there is an interface between verbal and non-verbal language in argumentation and in the constitution of meaning in the political debate genre, uttered by discursive enunciators. Therefore, it focuses on the analysis of verbal and non-verbal elements that act in the dialogue with the objects of discourse in the aforementioned genre. For this, it was observed the relation established between referential processes and the gestures performed by the candidates in the establishment of the referents, how the non-verbal elements helped in the promotion of textuality alongside the verbal aspects and how the non-verbal elements acted in the argumentative process in this genre in relation to the referencing. In this sense, we approached textual studies, from considerations about Textual Linguistics, trajectory, object of study, characteristics and precursors; we dealt with referencing, tracing a theoretical path from the initial studies about reference until its constitution as a phenomenon, highlighting its study categories; Conversational studies were discussed, focusing on the characteristics of Conversation Analysis, its origin, definition and features, as well as its object of study, the conversation; considerations were made about interaction, an approach to non-verbal elements and its study categories, bringing a specific section to deal about the gestures. Moreover, it was discussed the existing relations between verbal and non-verbal aspects, besides the interrelation between LT and CA. As a theoretical reference, it counted with the contributions of Fávero and Koch (2012), Koch (1997) and (2004), Barros (2017), Marcuschi (2003), (2010) and (2012), Custódio Filho (2011), Santos, J. (2018), Cavalcante, Custódio Filho and Brito (2014), Lima (2003) and (2009), Mondada and Dubois (2014), Koch and Elias (2010), (2015) and (2016), Cavalcante (2000), Oliveira (2007), (2012) and (2021), Santos, M. (2007), Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2006), Rector and Trinta (1986) and (1999), among others. The research follows a qualitative line, taking as its theoretical basis Cajueiro (2013), Bauer, Gaskell and Allum (2015) and Flick (2009). The data were analyzed under the interpretive, subjective, and flexible framework, also relying on the contributions of Rose (2015), Myers (2015), and Loizos (2015). The corpus is made up of clippings and captures of images from the televised political debates on the Band and Record TV networks, from the runoff round of the 2014 presidential elections. The selection of these debates was made considering the smaller number of participants. The transcription into writing was done based on standards adapted from Preti (2000) and Marcuschi (2003). The analyses evidenced the congruence relation between verbal and non verbal aspects, the importance of non-verbals in the constitution of the discourse objects, as well as the meanings, through the gestural clues, as well as for the argumentation from the semantic functions established. The relevance of this work is that it presents interfaces between verbal and non-verbal language for the construction of meaning in televised political debate, with extension to other areas of knowledge.