Desenvolvimento e caracterização de glóbulos de alginato carreados com óleo essencial de Syzygium aromaticum (Cravo-da-índia) obtidos pela técnica de gelificação iônica e avaliação da atividade antioxidante

Abstract

Essential oils are complex substances that have in their composition several constituents that give these oils biological activities. The clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is an arboreal plant of the Myrtaceae family that has been used in medicine since ancient times, possessing an antioxidant, anesthetic, insecticidal and antimicrobial activity. The encapsulation technique by ionic gelation consists of producing spheres by electrostatic interactions between ionic polymers and ions with different charges, in order to form a three-dimensional network, for the entrapment of the active compound. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop alginate globules loaded with clove essential oil through the ionic gelation technique, identify and quantify the main marker of clove essential oil, quantify the total phenols and evaluate the antioxidant potential and thermally characterize the alginate globules carried with clove essential oil. The blood cells were obtained by the ionic gelation technique. Essential oil and globules were evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH methods. Quantification of total phenols was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Identification and quantification of the main oil marker were performed by GC-MS. The thermogravimetric stabilities of the globules were evaluated by TGA and DSC. Contents of 997.66, 714.84, 770.58, 433.43 and 534.03 mg EAG g-1 of total phenolics compounds were found in the essential oil and alginate globules at 1% wet and lyophilized and 2% wet and lyophilized, respectively. The DPPH antioxidant method showed high activities where in the EO the percentage was from 28.16% to 80.27% and in the 1% alginate globules 12.90% to 59.36%, 2% alginate globules 11, 19% to 31.79% already in the lyophilized globules 22.19% to 71.35% for the 1% alginate globules and 17.79% to 61.24% for the 2% alginate globules. Eugenol was the major compound in the essential oil with a content of 83.73. The encapsulation efficiency was 14% in the 1% alginate formulation and 9.78% in the 2% alginate formulation. For the lyophilized samples, the encapsulation efficiency was 23.46% for 1% alginate and 16.87 for 2% alginate. The globules presented a translucent appearance, while those with the oil presented an opaque color, closer to white. Thermal analysis showed good stability for the globules. The ionic gelling process was successful giving greater thermal stability to the clove essential oil, maintaining its biological properties.