Fundamentos filosóficos e neurocientíficos do naturalismo biológico de John Searle

Abstract

The aim of this work is to anilyze the philosophycal and neurocientific foundations of biological naturalism of John Searle. At first, we differenciated conceptually and historically some of the main theories from philosophy of mind: the substance dualism, the property dualism, analytical behaviorism, identity theory, functionalism and eliminativism. After that, we expose John Searle’s criticism of classical currents and present his attempt at solving the mind-body problem: the biological naturalism. According to this conception, mental phenomena are biological phenomena caused by neurophisiological process and performed in the nervous system structure of certain animals. At last, we anilyzed the biological naturalism with the cientific world vision as background, above all the neurocientific perspective.