Acarina e collembola no ecossistema manguezal, em Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas

Abstract

The mangrove ecosystem comprises a complex system, which houses many species of flora and fauna, and has been subjected to anthropic interference such as deforestation, burning, and pollution that cause changes in soil quality and the edaphic community. This work aimed to evaluate whether the abundance, diversity, and uniformity of the Acarina and Collembola taxonomic groups vary according to the type of area (Agricultural Cultivation, Degraded, Transition (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge) and Mangrove). The work was performed in Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas, located in the Metropolitan Region of Maceió, specifically in the area of the Complexo Estuarino Lagunar Mundaú-Manguaba (CELMM). The evaluations occurred in May and June 2019 in the four areas, considering ten sample points. Soil samples were collected with metallic rings to capture edaphic mesofauna organisms, whose extraction was performed in the Berlese-Tullgren extractor. Provid traps were also installed in the field to capture edaphic macrofauna organisms. Invertebrate abundance was quantified and the Shannon diversity and Pielou uniformity ecological indices were applied, the distribution of organisms in the areas by the presence/absence matrix and the relationship between the distribution of Acarina and Collembola with temperature and water content of the ground. Statistical data were analyzed using RStudio software version 4.1.0, which were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Fligner Test), and to test the hypotheses, Spearman correlation estimates, Kruskal analysis-Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc test. Regardless of the method, Berlese-Tullgren extractor (mesofauna) and Provid traps (macrofauna), the Acarina group are more abundant than Collembola in all study areas (Cultivation, Degraded, Transition (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge) and Mangrove), evidenced by the lower values of diversity and uniformity of Shannon and Pielou, except in the Transition area (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge) where the Collembola group of macrofauna (Provid traps) is more abundant than Acarina; The Acarina group (mesofauna and macrofauna) has a greater preference for the Degraded and Agricultural Cultivation areas, which are drier environments. The Collembola group (mesofauna and macrofauna) opt for the Transition area (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge), showing a preference for environments with diversified food sources and more humid places, but not soggy ones, as in the mangrove; The Acarina and Collembola groups (mesofauna and macrofauna) present an expressive distribution in the study areas by the presence/absence matrix, and Acarina is present in all areas and months. In the Agricultural Cultivation area, Collembola (mesofauna and macrofauna) is absent in May and Collembola (macrofauna) is absent in June; Soil temperature influences the abundance of Collembola (macrofauna) in the Degraded area, Acarina (macrofauna) and Collembola (macrofauna and mesofauna) in the Transition area (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge) and Collembola (mesofauna) in the Mangrove area. In the Agricultural Cultivation area, there is no influence of this variable on the abundance of these edaphic organisms. Soil Water Content (CAS) does not influence the abundance of Acarina and Collembola (mesofauna and macrofauna) in areas and months.