Eficiência energética em edifícios assistenciais de saúde e o uso dos projetos de referência para unidades de pronto atendimento

Abstract

The hospital building, by the nature of its operation, presents itself as a major consumer of energy. However, the main regulations in force in the country for the elaboration of projects for Health Care Facilities (EAS) do not yet include in their scope proposals for a more energy efficient building, although some sectors related to hospital infrastructure have advanced in this aspect launching good manuals practice for a more eficiente EAS. Special attention is given to projects intendend to be built through out the country as a reference, since Brazil is divided into eight Bioclimatic Zones (ZB), which architecture must be inserted in Harmony with is specific climatic characteristics. The objective of this paper is to analyze, regarding the energy efficiency aspect, through the web-prescriptive tool, its reference project, proposing recommendations to improve its efficiency, based on the Technical Quality Regulation for Energy Efficiency of Commercial Buildings, Services and RTQ-C), and aggregating energy management strategies in LEED for Heathcare and Aqua, two of the most widely used certifications in the country. For this purpose, the reference project was implemented in the eight Brazilian Bioclimatic Zones, analyzing orientation, percentage of façade openings, thermal properties of envelope materials and energy management strategies. In all ZBs, there was a need to change the original reference design specification for the thermal transmittance of the conditioned environment cover, while for unconditioned environment, there was a need to change the thermal properties in ZB 1 and 2. Da ZB 3 to ZB 8, the original specifications for the thermal transmittance of the unconditioned roof and the walls have been maintained. The thermal capacity of the walls did not influence ZB 1 to 6, being considered its original specification in ZB 7 and 8. As for the absorbance for roofing material, only in ZB 1 the tool indicated free use, and in the other ZB, the recommendation was to keep up to 50% absorbance. Regarding the implantation, although the study indicated potential for implantation in the eight ZB with possibilities of enlargement of the glazed areas in some facades, it was necessary to consider the nature of the medical services performed in a UPA, as well as the need for a broader understanding about aspects involving environmental comfort, with complementary studies to complement the analysis of the prescriptive web in order to provide a more efficient building, depending on the climatic particularities of each site, making use of resources and tools that help them to promote changes without compromising the concept. and the needs program.