Efeito antidiabético do extrato hidroalcoólico das cascas do caule de Terminalia catappa (COMBRETACEAE) em ratos

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is associated hyperglycemia inappropriate to changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Is related to high rates of mortality due to chronic complications in the long term. Based on these assumptions, there is great interest in the scientific community in medicinal plants such as Terminalia catappa, used as adjuncts in the treatment of diabetes. In order to enable the inclusion of these plants in the public health system and the knowledge of its chemical constituents as possible prototypes new antidiabetic drugs. Given this, it became the goal of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of the stem bark of T. catappa in rats; Methods: Rats were randomized into four groups, non-diabético salinE (CS), nondiabetic extract (CE), diabetic saline (DS) and diabetic extract (DE), n = 10. Diabetes was induced by alloxan (40 mg / Kg, iv), after 15 days were considered diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose above 200 mg / dL. At this time, the animals were divided (n = 5), half of the rats in each group, for the test oral glucose tolerance and the other for the treatment with the extract for 15 days (200 mg / Kg, po). The animals were weighed throughout the experimental protocol. At the end of treatment were carried out direct measurements of blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized rats and then were euthanized under anesthesia and blood was collected to perform the measurements of plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipids, urea, creatinine, AST and ALT; Results: The treatment with the extract in diabetic mice showed: gain of 5% (p <0.001) of body weight lost induction of diabetes start of treatment; 39% reduction (p <0.001) fasting glycemia; 100% reduction (p <0.05) increased glycated hemoglobin compared to diabetic rats treated with saline; 66% reduction (p <0.001) and 66% (p <0.001) in plasma levels of VLDL triglicerideos and; 35% reduction ( p <0.01) in plasma urea; decrease (p <0.05) by 10% in systolic blood pressure when compared to diabetic rats treated with saline. In relation to the non-diabetic mice treated with the extract showed: decrease (p <0.05) by 38% and total cholesterol (p <0.05) 44% of LDL, decreases in heart rate (p <0, 05) 13%, still revealed the potential antihyperglycaemic extract after glucose load, since the non-diabetic animals treated with saline showed increases (p <0.001) 29% (30 min) (p < 0.001) 37% (60 min) (p <0.001) 32% (90 min) (p <0.001) 31% (120 min) (p <0.01) 29% (150 min) and (p <0.001) 40% (240 min) glucose; Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of the stem bark of T. catappa has antidiabetic effect, antiglicante, hipotriglicerolêmico protector and kidney in diabetic rats.