Solução variacional para um condensado atrativo e colapsante

Abstract

Among the wide range of remarkable experimentson dilute Bose-Einstein condensates has been the observed dynamics of attractive condensatesexhibiting collapse and subsequent explosion. For attractive condensates the collapse occurs when the number of atoms N becomes higher than a critical value Nc. After a collapse, the number of atoms N in the condensate is reduced so that for N below Nc A stable configuration is attained. By increasing the number of atoms in the condensate up to the point where N>Nc a further collapse is induced and so on, this process may be repeated and a series of collapses may be observed.In this work we investigate analytically the behavior of the collapsing condensate within the framework of a nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation, suitable to describe the dynamics of the order parameter Ψ(r, t ) of a Bose-Einstein condensatemagnetically trapped in a harmonic three-dimensional potential.Two and three-body inelastic collisions which remove atoms from the condensate are included.By using a variational approach based on d’Alembert ́s principle and suitable for non-conservative systems wefindananalyticalsolutionforacollapsingBose-Einsteincondensate.We demonstrate that a Gaussianansatzcapturesremarkablywellthesequenceofimplosionand explosionobservedinattractivecondensates.