Adolescências penalizadas e socioeducação em meio aberto: contribuições teórico-práticas ao Serviço Social no SUAS de Maceió/AL

Abstract

The Brazilian history is full of different forms of institutionalization, also applying to adolescents and young people in conflict with the law as a priority measure in the management of the socioeconomic vulnerabilities experienced by this population segment and their families. From the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Brazilian State regulated principles that assign them responsibility for the integral social protection of the well-being of children and adolescents, including those who are attributed the authorship of some type of infraction. This doctrine permeates the Children and Adolescents Statute, which details the structuring of policies and services so that this integral protection is materialized, indicating the substantive changes in the collective work process involved in the National System of Socio-Educational Attendance. However, Brazilian-style neoliberalism since the 1990s has operated in the practical limitation of constitutional rights through systematic actions of focus, moralization and criminalization in the structuring of social policies and services. The objective of the research was to investigate the expressions of criminalization of poverty of adolescents and young people entering in socio-education of Assisted Freedom and Provision of Service to the Community in CREAS of Maceió/AL. The data collection, an exploratory-descriptive nature, took place in bibliographic-documentary sources. The priority documents analyzed were the Social Assistance Surveillance worksheets on the Social Protection Service for Compliance with Socio-educational Measures in the Open System produced between 2016 and 2020. Based on the historical-cultural perspective of adolescence by Lev Vygotsky and on the concept of penal State, put forward by Loic Wacquant, associated with other complementary bibliographic sources, it was possible to demonstrate the webs through which the "attractiveness" of the socioeconomic profile of these users is processed, consolidating the modus operandi of the contemporary punitive-neoliberal state. The results demonstrate that the profiled characteristics of adolescents in compliance with an open-ended socio-educational measure in Maceió denounce expressions of the criminalization of poverty. These are reiterated and justified by the penal State through the systematic and daily violation, in the first instance, by the police apparatus of the public power in Brazilian urban peripheries, updating the racial theories that justify the structure of reproduction of the stigmas attributed to the ideal-typical criminal profile.