Estudo da influência da fração de área permeável na diminuição da geração de escoamento superficial na bacia do Riacho do Sapo, Maceió-AL

Abstract

The increasingly accelerated urbanization process has generated significant changes in land use and land cover in urban environments. This anthropogenic intervention is manifested mainly in the increase of impermeable areas such as streets, sidewalks, roofs and paved or concrete patios. This phenomenon catalyzes the occurrence of flooding when combined with large volumes of precipitation, causing socioeconomic damage to the population. In this context, controlling the fraction of the urban area that remains permeable is an important aspect for the proper management of rainwater. Thus, the present work aims to analyze the effects of different land use and land cover scenarios on the permeable area fraction and, consequently, on the generated volume of runoff and on the peak flows. To this end, a hydrological-hydraulic model of an urban watershed in Maceió-AL, the Sapo’s creek basin (BHRS) will be used, through the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and the Master Plan and the Code of Urbanism and Buildings of Maceió as a basis for establishing the scenarios. It was possible to assess the effect of the guidelines of these documents, in addition to some interventions established in the generation of surface runoff, peak flow, flooding points and the water balance of the basin. This effect was seen more prominently in sub-basin 1 of the BHRS, which is the largest in area and slope and directly influences one of the channel's flooding points. It was concluded that the establishment of these guidelines is effective in reducing surface runoff, peak flow and the basin runoff coefficient, however alone it is not able to quench the flooding points found.