A reprodução social em Lukács: a essência do ser social e a possibilidade da emancipação humana

Abstract

This paper aims, based mainly on a study about Social Reproduction in Lukács' Ontology, to discuss the issue of “human essence” and its modern comprehension as a "selfish nature" in order to support the capitalist mode of production as the only possible alternative for the human’s history. In this perspective, based on theoretical-bibliographic research and grounding in Marx’s methodological legacy, the historical-materialism, we treated, in a first moment, about the emergence of the sphere of “Social Being” from organic nature and Labor complex’s role has inside this process, considering that, through the “Teleological Position” that unfolds within it, emerges a way to respond the demands of existence much more complex than the mere instinctive reaction that happens inside the organic being. Supported by that, we investigated through which legalities this new sphere of being reproduces itself, emphasizing the “ontological priority” of the economical’ complex and the “totality of society” as the “predominant moment” of this becoming. In a second moment, we intended demonstrate how these legalities operate inside of the historicity of the social’ world, always highlighting the relationship that unfolds between individual and society in each historical moment and the form that the human’ essence was understood in each one of them. This situation led us to demystify, through the demonstration of by which processes human beings make their own histories (and their own nature), the form that the human essence assumes within capitalism as a “selfish nature” and the way that it try to justify the eternity of this mode of production.