Estudo comparativo entre o método de cálculo simplificado, analogia de grelhas e método dos elementos finitos, na análise estrutural de lajes maciças de concreto armado

Abstract

The structural analysis is one of the necessary procedures in the design of reinforced concrete structures, being one of the most important steps in the development of a structural project. Along the years, several analysis methods were developed and applied. However, due to technological limitations, it was necessary to adapt them by means of simplifications, in order to make their use feasible through manual calculations. With the development of structural calculation programs, these methods were automated, making it possible to make more precise analyses in less time. Nevertheless, manual calculation is still used for structural design and, in face of the several existing softwares, it becomes convenient to verify how the application of these methods can influence the final result of a certain analysis. Thus, this paper proposes to perform a comparative analysis between the simplified method, the Grid Analogy method through Eberick and the Finite Element Method through SAP2000, specifically to obtain the internal forces in massive reinforced concrete slabs, aiming to identify the main differences and particularities of each method. For this, a project of a single-family residence was developed, and the structural analysis was performed with the help of Bares tables for the simplified method and then modeled in the softwares already mentioned. The results showed that there were significant variations in the positive and negative bending moments, as well as in the deflections, in which the results obtained by the software presented, in general, values closer to each other. The manual calculation presented greater divergence in comparison with the software values, a fact that can be explained by the differences in the application of each method. Once concluded by the programs, the results are more accurate, considering that a structure is integrated.