Perfil epidemiológico e fatores de risco relacionados ao câncer de mama em mulheres atendidas em dois centros de referência em Alagoas

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide and in Brazil. It is considered the main public health problem in the world, given its epidemiological, social and economic production. In Brazil, for the triennium 2020-2022, approximately 66,280 (29.7%) of new cases were estimated. The study of the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with breast cancer treated in Alagoas will make it possible to expand knowledge about the disease and improve policies and programs for prevention and early diagnosis. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients being treated for breast cancer in the state of Alagoas, and to investigate the involvement of risk factors associated with the disease. Methodology: A historical cohort of control cases was carried out, and information was collected from medical records and/or questionnaires obtained from patients with breast cancer at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Maceió / AL and at the University Hospital Professor Alberto Antunes / AL, in follow-up after 5 years (2015-2020). The primary variable for breast cancer and secondary were clinical and epidemiological data related to breast cancer. In a second selection, data from a control group, formed by healthy women from the state of Alagoas, were recruited from an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square test) and the association with cancer was observed through multivariate logistic regression, using a theoretical hierarchical model (OR - Odds Ratio). Analyzes were performed using Stata/SE software (v12.1 for Windows, StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Results: 488 women were evaluated, 141 patients with breast cancer and 347 women in the control group. Patients were predominantly older than 50 years (64.5%), married (51%) and had high school or elementary school (79.3%). They were also clinically characterized by the histological type of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (80.1%), the luminal subtype B (80.1%), with a radical mastectomy being the most widely used treatment (60.3%). Age over 35 years (35 to 50 years: OR = 9.95, p-value = 0.003; > 50 years: OR = 6.64, p-value = 0.007) was the main risk factor associated with cancer breast cancer, while education (OR = 0.002, p-value <0.0001 for higher education) and contraceptive use (OR = 0.20, p-value <0.0001) stood out as protective factors. When compensating the subgroups of patients with breast cancer younger than or older than 50 years and the association with the variables, you are based on that there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: Patients with breast câncer in Alagoas are identified more frequently in women over 50 years of age, with a more favorable histological subtype and undergoing multidisciplinary treatment. Age was the risk factor most strongly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in the sample of women from Alagoas.