Frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular e de complicações associadas em indivíduos adultos hipertensos de Maceió, 2007-2009 e 2013-2016

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. An estimated 17.7 million people died from cardiovascular complications in 2015, accounting for 31% of deaths from all causes. Considering middle and low-income countries, the indices gain even greater proportions, an example from Brazil where over 200,000 deaths, produced only in 2015, were caused by diseases related to the circulatory system. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has been reported in developing countries where systemic arteria l hypertension (SAH), for example, affects about a third of adult adults and more than half of the total number of elderly people, contributing directly or indirectly for about half of CVD deaths. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a small set of risk predictors corresponds to a large portion of deaths from cardiovascular complications and from refraction of comorbidities attributed to these diseases. That said, this work, structured in two parts: a literature review and na original article, aims to investigate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and cardiovascular complications in adult hypertensive adults in Maceio, Alagoas, with data from two surveys carried out within the scope of the Research Program for the SUS, between 2007 and 2016. The sample of this study consisted of 486 hypertensive adults, of both sexes, who had obtained the CVRF: smoking, sedentary lifestyle, family history, short stature, overweight / obesity (OW/OB), obesity (OB), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), taper index (TI) and abdominal obesity (AO), and as cardiovascular complications: kidney disease (KD), infarction myocardial infarction, other coronary diseases and stroke. Prevalence ratio (PR) of the studied variables was analyzed using Poisson regression, with robust adjustment of variance in crude and multivariate analysis. In this study WHR, AO, TI, OW/OB, sedentary lifestyle and and family history had the highest prevalence: 91.59%, 83.17%, 85.85%, 86.33%, 68.44 and 63.64% respectively. Moreover, after adjustment for sex and age, sedentary lifestyle (PR = 1.35; CI95%: 1.02-1.77) and SBP / OB (PR = 1.17; CI95%: 1.04-1.32) evolution positive and reduced, while CER (PR = 0.87; CI95%: 0.81-0.94), negative evolution and reduced. Thus, the high prevalence and increases in their variations, especially of the CVRF, reveal an important risk condition among hypertensive individuals, locating the SBP / OB and physical inactivity as the CVRF that has been increasing, even considering the reduction in the WHR, necessary vulnerability in pressure control in this high cardiovascular risk group. These results can guide decision-making and the implementation, implementation and monitoring of more assertive public policies in dealing with CVRF.