Desenvolvimento de sistema IoT de baixo custo para monitoramento integrado de variáveis climáticas e de geração fotovoltaica

Abstract

The share of renewable energies in electricity generation has been growing worldwide. Monitoring and acquiring data is essential to recognize the renewable resources available on-site, evaluate the efficiency of electrical conversion, detect failures and optimize electrical production. Commercial monitoring systems for the photovoltaic system are generally expensive and closed for modifications. This work proposes a low-cost real-time IoT system, for micro and mini photovoltaic generation systems, that can monitor DC voltage and current, AC power, and seven meteorological variables. The proposed system measures all the relevant meteorological variables, measures PV generation variables directly from the plant (not from the inverter), is implemented using open software, connects with the internet without cables, storages data locally and in the cloud, and uses Network Time Protocol (NTP) to synchronize the devices’ clocks. According to a systematic literature review, no work reported in the literature presents these features altogether. Besides, experiments carried out with the proposed system showed good effectiveness and reliability. This system enables the use of fog and cloud computing in a photovoltaic system, and the creation of a time series measurements dataset, which enables the use of machine learning to create smart photovoltaic systems.