Barreiras na adesão à prática de atividade física em pacientes pós operados da cirurgia bariátrica

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease, considered a worldwide epidemic, it turns that most people who suffer from this disease are involved in repeated conventional treatments consisting of drugs, physical exercises and unsuccessful diets, where the surgical procedure appears as an effective intervention in the fight against obesity. After surgery, the evident behavior in post-operative patients is the absence or insufficient practice of physical activity. As well as, the existence of barriers that hinder or prevent the realization of this. OBJECTIVE: To identify the main barriers in the adherence to the practice of Physical Activity in post-bariatric surgery patients. METHODS: Research of mixed nature, qualitative and quantitative, exploratory, in which 37 post-bariatric surgery patients of a Public Hospital in Maceió, was operated for a period of 6 months onwards, both genders, aged 30 59 years. Three validated questionnaires were applied: Questionnaire on Socio- Economic Condition (ABEP, 2018); Physical Activity Level Questionnaire (BAECK et al, 1982); Questionnaire on Perceived Personal Barriers (REICHERT, 2011), and a structured interview with the question: "What is the biggest difficulty / barrier you have, which prevents or hinders the practice of physical activity?" The answers were carried out in audio in order to cross-check with the questionnaire data. Descriptive statistics were used for the results of the questionnaires and the results of the interviews through the analysis of the speech. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 32 women (86.49%) and 5 men (13.51), socioeconomic class C1, B2 and D-E; the main occupations was attendants and receptionists (21.62%); retirees and cooks (8.11%). The most practiced exercises in the last twelve months by 78% of the subjects were walking, weight training and water aerobics. Of the 70% of the subjects who exercised, only 8% performed vigorous exercise and only 24% reached the WHO recommendation regarding the practice of 150 min / weekly. The activities carried out at leisure by 51% of the subjects are passive (watching TV). As for the most reported barriers to adherence to physical activity were: laziness or tiredness (43.2%); lack of money (37.8%), injury or illness (35.1%) and lack of company (32.4%), corroborating the result of the crossing between the subjects' narratives. It was observed that socioeconomic vulnerability, the occupation of the studied population and gender, crossing with the lack of money and the overload of domestic work, can cause a lack of time or fatigue, generating demotivation for the practice of exercises. The only barrier identified as real was disease, and even then, it was not perceived as momentary by the subjects. CONCLUSION: The results shows the need for planning strategies to better care for post-bariatric surgery patients, seeking ways to maintain behavior for the adoption of a permanent lifestyle, through the engagement of the multidisciplinary team, performing an interdisciplinary work, with suggestions of appropriate public spaces for the adherence of this population that is socially vulnerable.