Recursos humanos em patentes concedidas às universidades brasileiras: uma discussão baseada no reconhecimento de títulos estrangeiros e seu impacto na propriedade intelectual

Abstract

This dissertation presents an analysis of the influence that specialization can have on intellectual property in Brazil, especially for Universities, based on an investigation on the frequency in post-graduate courses (strictu sensu) carried out abroad. So, first, a search was carried out at the INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property) in order to trace the nature of patents granted to Brazilian universities in the last 10 years (2011-2021), aiming to verify whether inventors have a postgraduate degree or not. abroad and whether this aspect would be correlated as a promoting factor in intellectual property in the country and also with the need, as a result, for greater speed in the process of recognition of post-graduate diplomas. A total of 1027 patents granted to Brazilian universities were analyzed, verifying the following data: profile of inventors through open consultation on the CNPQ platform through their Lattes curriculum, patent classification using the IPC (International Patent Classification) system (section, class and subclass), the number of inventors, the country where the course was taken, the year and the name of the universities that obtained the highest number of concessions. Regarding the granting years, it was observed that between 2014 and 2017, the number of patents granted was negligible, compared to the progress made after 2018 and, subsequently, until 2021. As for the depositing institutions, USP, followed by UNICAMP/SP, UFMG, UFGRS and UFPR, are the leaders in obtaining patents in the period 2011-2021, with percentages between 5-18%. Regarding the most predominant sections/areas of patents, it was observed that most patents were in sections A (Human Necessities) (37%), B (Execution Operations, Transport) (12%), C (Chemistry, Metallurgy) (28%) and G (Physics) (15%). Regarding the profile of researchers, the data show that almost 40% of the patents granted were influenced by human resources who took postgraduate courses abroad. With regard to the countries most sought after by researchers, the United States predominates, with almost 25%, followed by France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Regarding the titles of researchers, the Doctoral course has an indication of almost 80% of postgraduate courses carried out abroad. Regarding development agencies, the data showed that CNPQ scholarship holders occupy a leading position (45%); then CAPES scholarship holders (30%); FAPESP (less than 10%) and, finally, FAPEMA (1%). After analyzing these data, in a second stage of the research, a review of the process of recognition of foreign postgraduate degrees in Brazil was carried out, using the Federal University of Alagoas (Ufal) as a case study, in order to understand the difficulties faced by those interested in recognizing their qualification diplomas and the impact of this on the development and innovation sectors in the country and on Ufal itself. At Ufal, 372 requests for recognition processed between the years 2011-2019 were examined (after the start of the pandemic – COVID-19, they were suspended), with peaks of requests in the years 2015 and 2018 with 104 processes. More than 80% of the processes were for courses carried out in Paraguay and Portugal, and more than 90% in the education area, showing that the University's guidelines need to change and divide vacancies by area if we think about intellectual property, as seen above. Almost 50% of recognition processes took between 1- 4 years to occur, showing that the process is still very bureaucratic.