Rede social de apoio à gravidez na adolescência na atenção primária à saúde: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Teenage pregnancy is characterized as an important issue in the context of public health. The social support network related to teenage pregnancy in primary health care contributes positively and needs to be articulated with health, community and family services. We sought to map the scientific evidence on the social support network for teenage pregnancy in primary health care. This is a scope review, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method and recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items- if Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). The Population-Concept-Context strategy was used to compose the research's guiding question. The established search sources were: LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), BDENF (Nursing Database), ScienceDirect, SciVerse Scopus, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), SciELO ( Scientific Electronic Library Online), the gray literature search was performed on Google Scholar. 204 articles were selected, which were submitted to the inclusion criteria, with careful reading in full. Of the total corpus, nine studies were included in the review according to established criteria, specifically, the correlation of teenage pregnancy and the support network in primary health care. From the analysis, it was found that the social network is an important tool for the development and protection of health. Understood as a complex set of relationships between members of a non-institutional society or a social system such as schools, health and social assistance institutions, among others. The networks were divided into a formal social network with the support provided by health professionals from the Family Health Unit (USF), mainly nurses, School, Tutelary Council, Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS), and informal social network constituted with the support coming from the family nucleus, especially from the teenagers' mothers, seen as the main providers of support to their daughters, the teenagers' companions also supported during this process, other family members such as grandmother, mother-in-law and aunt were mentioned, in addition to community members as friends. The identification of the social support network can be seen as a protective and harm reduction factor, based on the assumption that the existence and perception of the network can generate positive influences on care. The research pointed out that belonging to a social network contributes positively to the new reality of pregnant teenagers, encouraging the continuity of pregnancy and life history. Thus, it is necessary to gather more information to support strategic care interventions for these adolescents based on scientific evidence.