Evolução da fertilidade do solo sob uso agroflorestal e outros usos em assentamentos rurais da reforma agrária

Abstract

Modern agriculture, driven by economic relations at the expense of ecological relations, demands the large-scale use of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, causing impacts on soil, climate, water bodies, rural and urban populations. SAF's for environmental recovery are productive systems that can be based on ecological succession, analogous to natural ecosystems, in which exotic and / or native trees are intercropped with agricultural crops, vines, forages, shrubs, according to a pre-established spatial and temporal arrangement , with high diversity of species and interactions between them. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the fertility of the soils submitted to the Agroforestry System with the surrounding native forest soils and soils cultivated in a traditional / conventional way in the settlements. Where they were: characterized the management for the implementation of the areas of SAFs; 2. chemically characterized the soils in the areas. 3. Visual material produced to compare areas. Soil samples were taken for fertility analysis in each implanted Agroforestry System and in adjacent environments. Thus, the treatments consisted of 4 (four) environments under different uses: 1) Soil under Agroforestry Systems; 2) Soil under degraded areas (fallow soil); 3) Soil under monocultures; and 4) Under Native Forest. In each of the areas, a soil sample composed of twenty simple samples was collected, at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. With the statistical analyzes were performed by comparing the results of the chemical analyzes of the soil of the different areas by the Tukey test at 5% . From all the results, it can be seen that the agroforestry system is efficient as a technique for recovering degraded areas, with high fertility values and presenting a visual increase in biodiversity in these spaces. Agroforestry systems are a productive form adapted to the local reality that can promote local sovereignty and environmental sustainability.