Fatores críticos de sucesso na gestão e implementação de planos e programas de SST na construção civil: análise a partir do PCMAT

Abstract

The construction industry stands out for being one of the most complex in the organizational scope when compared to other industries. It is observed that it has been linked to high accident rates over the years, which increased the attempt to mitigate accidents, making occupational safety and health - OSH part of the strategic planning of contemporary organizations. This research presents the systematic literature mapping process conducted to identify the critical success factors - CSF in management and implementation of OSH plans and programs in construction sites. Of the 201 articles extracted and analyzed from the title and abstract, 16 were identified as having the greatest adherence to the research topic and, therefore, analyzed in their entirety. The analysis of the 16 articles pointed to the existence of 23 main CSF, in which had the highest number of citations: support and management commitment in OSH; existence of communication systems; identification, analysis and control of dangerous conditions at the construction site; meeting of management and employees to discuss OSH aspects and; training of the workers involved. For a better understanding of the topic, the FCS identified by the literature were categorized into 3 main factors: management and administration factors, personal factors and resource factors. It is observed that those related to management and administration factors are the most relevant in promoting a good OSH performance in construction sites, including by the fact that, albeit superficially, they have a direct influence on other factors. The research strategy for this work was divided into two types: bibliographic research, through systematic mapping and; survey type, with documentary analyzes and field visits. In possession of the CSF, a protocol was built, aiming at analyzing the PCMAT's of civil construction works in the city of Maceio / AL, in addition to the field stage, to verify the adherence of the result of the literature review in a context construction site. Finally, it was identified several practices that fit the FCS obtained by the literature and others that were not implemented by the analyzed companies. Factors such as support and commitment in safety management, communication system, meetings between employees and management, identification, analysis and control of dangerous conditions at work, risk management, training of workers, allocation of resources, participation of workers in issues related to safety, workers'attitudes towards safety, worker awareness, safety equipment and appropriate PPE, mechanisms of coercive actions and inspections at the construction sites were found at the construction sites. Others such as leadership, safety culture, goal setting, accident reporting and investigation and incentive programs were identified in a more lenient way. Safety budget planning, reporting and investigation of near misses, strategic selection of subcontractors and continuous monitoring and improvement were not identified. Also noteworthy is the lack of a safety manager in the works. It was found a concern, on the part of the analyzed companies, in meeting normative requirements, lacking emphasis in their own programs. During the research, construction companies had to adapt to the context of their time, caused by the pandemic of the new coronavirus. Such changes brought a series of administrative measures and changes in the work environment. Hygiene of workstations, sinks on each floor, disinfection of bathrooms, promote workers' awareness of Covid 19, fix posters and instructions, promote rotation of work groups and maintain distance 1m among workers were some of the main measures taken.