Saúde mental dos professores da educação básica: uma revisão de literatura durante o período pandêmico da Covid-19

Abstract

This article presents a literature review of studies related to the mental health of basic education teachers during and after the pandemic period, between 2020 and 2023. The general objective of this research is to map the national literature on the mental health of basic education teachers during the pandemic. The specific objectives are: to identify the causes of teachers' psychological distress, as described in the national literature; to verify the measures suggested by the national literature for promoting mental health in schools for teachers; and to verify the factors that led to psychological distress during the pandemic. For the review, studies were selected from the SciELO, CAPES Journals, and Lens.org databases, using keywords such as mental health, teacher, basic education, Burnout Syndrome, stress, and mental disorders, originating from academic research developed within postgraduate courses in education, published in Portuguese. The selected studies are from the period of 2020 to 2023, and 17 met the initial inclusion criteria. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were found, which were related to theories about teaching work, teachers' mental health, the working conditions offered, and how these factors influence professional performance. The research offered an in-depth and rigorous analysis of the mental health of basic education teachers, especially in the context of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some studies highlighted the prevalence of psychological disorders among teachers, showing significant levels of dissatisfaction, stress, and overload. The analysis of 17 articles presented relevant data and clarifications about the difficulties faced by teachers, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges experienced by these professionals during the pandemic period. From this, we highlight the relevance of studies on mental health in education for the school community as a whole.