Análise dos riscos geo-hidrológicos no estado de Alagoas

Abstract

Extreme weather events resulting from climate variations significantly impact human lives and environmental resources. These events include flooding, flash floods, inundations, and landslides, which present risk factors to both the environment and the population. Therefore, vulnerability, exposure, and hazard indicators must be identified to determine susceptibility to disasters. The study aimed to characterize the state of Alagoas regarding susceptibility to geo-hydrological risks and to develop a new combined geo-hydrological risk indicator. The bibliographic research addressed geological and hydrological climatic events, highlighting their causes, consequences, socioeconomic impacts, environmental indices, and indicators, along with their applications in disaster risk assessment and management. For analyzing hydrological and geological risks, data from the Climate Change Impact Information and Analysis System were used. The spatial distribution of hydrological and geological disaster risks was found to be primarily influenced by the occurrence of intense rainfall, with susceptibility to disasters being amplified by anthropogenic and geomorphological factors.The study identified the municipalities most prone to simultaneous geo-hydrological events in Alagoas and highlighted the primary drivers of these phenomena. Special attention is needed for the municipalities of Barra de Santo Antônio, Olho D’Água das Flores, Santana do Ipanema, Campo Alegre, São Luís do Quitunde, Murici, and Flexeiras, as they are in critical situations regarding combined geo-hydrological risks. Additionally, Satuba, Pilar, Delmiro Gouveia, and Passo de Camaragibe were noted for geological risks, while Messias, Teotônio Vilela, and Novo Lino were highlighted for hydrological risks.The study underscores the need for proper land use planning, enhanced monitoring of extreme events, increased investment in risk and disaster management, infrastructure, and social programs.