Evolução urbana e vulnerabilidade da praia de Pajuçara, Maceió - AL

Abstract

The studied area comprehends Pajuçara's neighborhood with nearly 0,66 km2 (IBGE, 2010), located in the center of Maceió city, Alagoas state. According to the Demographic Census of 2010, it has a population of 3,711 people. Maceió has a coastline (32km) that goes across several coastal neighborhoods with a lot of problems regarding occupation and the lack of ordering and management. This work consists of the continuity of Santos' studies that has been happening since 2010 about the evolution of the coast line associated with the urban development degree in Maceió's beaches. This kind of work has been being developed by the research group LABMAR, geological oceanography sector, with thesis, PIBICs and TCCs. This study, redirected to Pajuçara's beach, has monitoring and follow-up as its base so we can build a database that will be available to ordinary projects in coastal neighborhoods that struggle with the lack sequenced data, since a lot of modifications have occurred through the years, such as retaining walls and several coastline re-urbanizations. This work aims to identify vulnerable areas through the coast, according to Dal Cin & Simeoni (1994)'s methodology, the main agents of environmental impacts, resulting in an Impacts Matrix associated with urban evolution. To develop this work, there was field, bibliographic and cartographic research. Regarding Pajuçara's vulnerability and considering urban parameters, vulnerability and beach morphology, it was verified that sections in the center of the cove (Lopana restaurant) and in the proximity of the old "Clube Alagoinha" are considered to have high-vulnerability. The far-South of the cove, close to the harbor, has low-vulnerability. Analyzing the data from the Impact Matrix, it is possible to check that negative impacts in the studied area are bigger than the positive impacts. As a total we have 50% of negative impacts, 16% of positive impacts and 34% of neutral impacts. The urban occupation and solid waste disposal are the main agents of impacts, while the positive impacts are caused by the appreciation of the neighborhood that has many tourist attractions. Thereby, this work will be able to offer data for possible solutions to solve Pajuçara's problems and define strategies of preservation and recovery of ecosystems, serving as a base for Coast Management and supervision and ordering of the coastline, as well as sequenced technical informations for the city's Master Plan and ORLA Project.